var defArray = new Array(500);
var LDC = 0;
defArray[LDC] = "In the 2003 triennial review of the list of least developed countries (LDCs) by the United Nations, the criteria used for inclusion in the new list were low income, based on a three-year average estimate of the gross national income per capita (under $750 for inclusion, above $900 for graduation); human resource weakness, involving a composite human assets index (HAI); and economic vulnerability, involving a composite economic vulnerability index (EVI).";
var LDCLIST = 1;
defArray[LDCLIST] = "The official list of LDCs currently includes Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde, the Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen and Zambia.";
var LDCBENEFITS = 2;
defArray[LDCBENEFITS] = "Benefits derived from LDC status include development financing from bilateral, regional, and multilateral donors and financial institutions, including grants and loans at very favourable terms; benefits in the multilateral trading system in the form of special concessions under several Agreements in the World Trade Organization and preferential market access by several trading partners; and technical assistance, including priority programmes in the United Nations system and through bilateral and multilateral development partners. ";
var LLDC = 3;
defArray[LLDC] = "Of the 31 landlocked developing countries (LLDCs), 15 are located in Africa, 12 in Asia, 2 in Latin America and 2 in Europe. 16 landlocked developing countries also belong to the group of least developed countries (LDCs). For the listing of LLDCs, refer to the webpage presenting country groups(countries and territories section).";
var LLDCLIST = 4;
defArray[LLDCLIST] = "Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Macedonia, TFYR *, Malawi, Mali, Moldova Republic of *, Mongolia, Nepal, Niger, Paraguay, Rwanda, Swaziland, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Zambia, Zimbabwe. * Macedonia, TFYR, and Moldova, Republic of, are classified as countries in Central and Eastern Europe (neither developed nor developing). However, as they are landlocked states, they are also members of this particular grouping.";
var SIDS = 5;
defArray[SIDS] = "The United Nations has never established criteria for inclusion of countries in any official list of small island developing states (SIDS). Its list of SIDS is mainly based on the membership of the Alliance of Small Island States. In the absence of official criteria, UNCTAD, for analytical purposes only, uses the following list of SIDS: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Cape Verde, Comoros, Dominica, Fiji, Grenada, Jamaica, Kiribati, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), Mauritius, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu and Vanuatu (29 countries). UNCTAD pursues comprehensive examination of the impact of globalization and trade liberalization on the economies of small island developing States. No special treatment has so far been granted by development partners on grounds of SIDS status. However, the World Bank Group has been implementing a “small island exception” in its policy of eligibility for International Development Association (IDA, concessionary) treatment. In the World Trade Organization, proposals particularly relevant to SIDS members have been considered under the Work Programme on Small Economies.";
var NA = 6;
defArray[NA] = "North Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Sudan and Tunisia.";
var SUBSAF = 7;
defArray[SUBSAF] = "West Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. Central Africa: Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda and Sao Tome and Principe. East and Southern Africa: Angola, Botswana, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Reunion, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Swaziland, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.";
var TOTPOP = 8;
defArray[TOTPOP] = "The total population refers to the de facto population, which includes all people actually present in a given area at a given time.";
var MEDAGE = 9;
defArray[MEDAGE] = "The median age is the age for which one-half (50%) of the population, ranked by age, falls above that value and one-half falls below that value. ";
var LEAB = 10;
defArray[LEAB] = "Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years that a newborn infant would live if age-specific mortality rate patterns prevailing at the time of birth remained constant.";
var ALRATE = 11;
defArray[ALRATE] = "The adult illiteracy rate is the number of illiterate adults expressed as a percentage of the total adult population aged 15 and above. A person is considered illiterate if he or she is unable to read and write a short, simple statement related to his or her daily life. ";
var GER = 12;
defArray[GER] = "The gross enrolment rate (GER) is the number of pupils enrolled in a level of education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population in the relevant official age group. Because of grade repetition and entry at younger and older ages than the typical grade-level age, GER can be higher than 100%.";
var GPI = 13;
defArray[GPI] = "The gender parity index (GPI) is the ratio of female and male values of a given indicator. A GPI of 1 indicates parity between sexes; a GPI between 0 and 1 means a disparity in favour of boys; and a GPI greater than 1 indicates a disparity in favour of girls.";
var MATD = 14;
defArray[MATD] = "Maternal death is the death of a woman during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination of the pregnancy, regardless of the site or duration of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management.";
var U5MR = 15;
defArray[U5MR] = "The under-five mortality rate (U5MR) is the probability per 1,000 live births of dying between birth and exactly five years of age. For industrialized countries, the data come from vital registration systems; for many other countries, where the majority of under-five deaths occur, the data are derived from censuses and household surveys.";
var ANTEX = 16;
defArray[ANTEX] = "An antenatal examination is a medical examination of a pregnant woman. The World Health Organization recommends a minimum of four prenatal consultations for a normal pregnancy.";
var SKATT = 17;
defArray[SKATT] = "The term “skilled attendant” refers exclusively to health personnel with midwifery skills, who have been trained to proficiency in the skills necessary to manage normal deliveries and diagnose, manage or refer obstetric complications.";
var HIV = 18;
defArray[HIV] = "HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that destroys a certain kind of blood cells that are crucial to the normal function of the human immune system. Although it is known that HIV is the cause of AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome), much remains to be known about how HIV causes the immune system to break down. People infected with HIV will most eventually develop AIDS, but scientists and researchers have observed a wide variation in disease progression. The most common measure of the HIV/AIDS epidemic is the prevalence of HIV infections among a country's adult population (the percentage of the adult population living with HIV) correlated with HIV incidence (the number of new infections observed over a year among previously uninfected people).";
var LBF_EAP = 19;
defArray[LBF_EAP] = "The labour force, or economically active population, includes all persons who meet the requirements for inclusion among the employed or the unemployed as defined in the relevant resolution adopted by the 13 th International Conference of Labour Statisticians (October 1982).";
var EPZ = 20;
defArray[EPZ] = "An export processing zone is a delimited geographical area or an export-oriented manufacturing or service enterprise, located in any part of a country, that benefits from special investment promotion incentives, including exemptions from customs duties and preferential treatment with respect to various fiscal and financial regulations.";
var SEMP = 21;
defArray[SEMP] = "Self-employment includes employers and own-account workers.";
var GDP = 22;
defArray[GDP] = "Gross domestic product (GDP) is an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs). It is the sum of the final uses of goods and services (all uses except intermediate consumption) measured in purchasers’ prices, less the value of imports of goods and services, or the sum of primary incomes distributed by resident producer units.";
var NOMGDP = 23;
defArray[NOMGDP] = "Nominal GDP is expressed in current prices. Nominal GDP in US$ is computed with current exchange rates.";
var PCAPGDP = 24;
defArray[PCAPGDP] = "Per capita GDP is GDP divided by population.";
var RGDP = 25;
defArray[RGDP] = "Real GDP is expressed in base-year prices. In this chapter, real GDP is at 1995 constant prices and in 1995 US$.";
var SERV = 26;
defArray[SERV] = "Services are outputs produced to order and typically consist of changes in the conditions of the consuming units realized by the activities of producers at the demand of the consumers. By the time the production of services is completed, they must have been provided to consumers. The category corresponds to International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) divisions 50–99.";
var AGRI = 27;
defArray[AGRI] = "Agriculture includes agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing and corresponds to International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) divisions 01–05.";
var IND = 28;
defArray[IND] = "Industry includes mining and quarrying, manufacturing, electricity, gas and water supply, and construction and corresponds to International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) divisions 10–45. ";
var PVCONS = 29;
defArray[PVCONS] = "Private consumption (household final consumption) expenditure consists of expenditure, including imputed expenditure, by resident households with regard to individual consumption goods and services, including those sold at prices that are not economically significant.";
var GOVCONS = 30;
defArray[GOVCONS] = "Government consumption (general governement final consumption) expenditure consists of expenditure, including imputed expenditure, incurred by general government with regard to individual consumption goods and services and collective consumption services.";
var INVT = 31;
defArray[INVT] = "Investment (gross capital formation) is measured by the total value of gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories and acquisitions less disposals of valuables for a unit or sector. Gross fixed capital formation is measured by the total value of a producer’s acquisitions, less disposals, of fixed assets during the accounting period, plus certain additions to the value of nonproduced assets (such as subsoil assets or major improvements in the quantity, quality or productivity of land) realized by the productive activity of institutional units.";
var AGNRF = 32;
defArray[AGNRF] = "Aggregate net resource flows, as reported by the World Bank, are the sum of net private capital flows and official flows, including loans and grants.";
var NPCF = 33;
defArray[NPCF] = "Net private capital flows include flows of FDI, portfolio equity investment flows, bank lending, bonds, and trade-related lending from private creditors, less repayments on outstanding debt.";
var ODA = 34;
defArray[ODA] = "Official development assistance (ODA), as reported by the OECD, includes concessional loans (with a grant element of at least 25%) and grants by members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC). The main objective of such aid is to promote the economic development of developing countries (official development assistance) or countries in Central and Eastern Europe (official aid).";
var WREM = 35;
defArray[WREM] = "According to the IMF Balance of Payments Manual, workers’ remittances are goods and financial instruments transferred by migrants living and working (residing) in a new economy to residents of the economy in which the migrants formerly resided. A migrant must live and work in the new economy for more than one year to be considered a resident there. The Manual classifies workers’ remittances separately from compensation of employees and migrants’ capital transfers. Workers’ remittances as presented here include all three categories in order to show a clearer picture of the flows that enter or exit economies via transfers by migrant workers. For example, if temporary movements of labour to another country were seen as an export, then migrants’ transfers, workers’ remittances and compensation of employees could be considered part of the payment for “exporting labour services”. ";
var TEDBT = 36;
defArray[TEDBT] = "Total external debt comprises long-term debt, shortterm debt and use of International Monetary Fund credits. ";
var DBTSER = 37;
defArray[DBTSER] = "Debt service is the sum of interest payments on outstanding debt and repayments of principal.";
var HIPCI = 38;
defArray[HIPCI] = "The HIPC Initiative was launched by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in 1996 to coordinate and harmonize official debt relief by the multilateral financial institutions and bilateral creditors for heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC).";
var GNI = 39;
defArray[GNI] = "Gross national income (GNI) is gross domestic product (GDP) less net taxes on production and imports, less compensation of employees and property income payable to the rest of the world plus the corresponding items receivable from the rest of the world (in other words, GDP less primary incomes payable to nonresident units plus primary incomes receivable from non-resident units). ";
var TEXLI = 40;
defArray[TEXLI] = "Total external liabilities are the sum of total debt and inward foreign direct investment (FDI) stocks.";
var INTRES = 41;
defArray[INTRES] = "International reserves consist of those external assets that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for direct financing of international payments imbalances, for indirect regulation of the magnitude of such imbalances through intervention in foreign exchange markets to affect their currency’s exchange rate, and for other purposes. The category of international reserves defined in the IMF Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5) comprises monetary gold, special drawing rights (SDRs), reserve position in the IMF, foreign exchange assets (consisting of currency, and deposits and securities), and other claims. ";
var FDI = 42;
defArray[FDI] = "Foreign direct investment (FDI) is investment involving a long-term relationship and lasting interest in and control by a resident entity in one economy in an enterprise resident in another economy. In FDI, the investor exerts significant influence on the management of the enterprise resident in the other economy. The ownership level required in order for a direct investment to exist is 10% of the voting shares. Such investment involves both the initial transaction between the two entities and all subsequent transactions between them and among foreign affiliates, both incorporated and unincorporated. FDI may be undertaken by individuals or by business entities. (Some countries use a definition of FDI that differs from the preceding one.)";
var FDIF = 43;
defArray[FDIF] = "FDI flows have three components: equity capital, reinvested earnings, and other capital (including short- and long-term intra-company loans as well as trade credits).";
var FDIINF = 44;
defArray[FDIINF] = "FDI inflows are capital received, either directly or through other related enterprises, in a foreign affiliate from a direct investor.";
var FDIOUT = 45;
defArray[FDIOUT] = "FDI outflows are capital provided by a direct investor to its affiliate abroad.";
var CBMA = 46;
defArray[CBMA] = "Cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) involve FDI in a host country by merging with or acquiring an existing local firm. In the latter case, the acquisition involves an equity stake of 10% or more. The share of FDI accounted for by cross-border M&As is difficult to determine, since data sets are not directly comparable. First, the value of cross-border M&As includes funds raised in local and international financial markets. Second, FDI data are reported on a net basis, using the balance-of-payments concept, while data on cross-border M&A purchases or sales report only the total value of the transaction. Finally, payments for cross-border M&As are not necessarily made in a single year but may be spread over a longer period.";
var FDISTOCK = 47;
defArray[FDISTOCK] = "Foreign direct investment (FDI) stock is the value of the share of the capital and reserves, including retained profits, attributable in an affiliate enterprise to the parent enterprise, plus the net indebtedness of the affiliate to the parent enterprise. For branches, it is the value of fixed assets and current assets and investment, excluding amounts due from the parent, less liabilities to third parties. Data on FDI stocks are not always readily available. For several economies, stocks are estimated either by cumulating FDI flows over a period of time or by adding flows to or subtracting them from an FDI stock figure obtained for a particular year from national official data sources or the IMF data series on assets and liabilities of direct investment. Estimating FDI on the basis of flows can be misleading, and in many countries FDI stock surveys are performed regularly. It is recommended that FDI stock data be valued at market prices. If market prices are not available, book values from the balance sheets of direct investment enterprises can be used to determine the value of stocks. Changes in the stock of an economy’s external financial assets and liabilities result from transactions recorded in the financial account (FDI inflows and outflows). In addition, price changes, exchange rate variations and other adjustments affect the estimated amount of financial assets and liabilities. ";
var INFDIS = 48;
defArray[INFDIS] = "Inward FDI stock reflects the position at the end of a reporting period of a country’s external financial liabilities, owned by direct investors either directly or through other related enterprises, in foreign affiliates. ";
var OUTFDIS = 49;
defArray[OUTFDIS] = "Outward FDI stock reflects the position at the end of a reporting period of a country’s external financial assets, owned by direct investors either directly or through other related enterprises, in affiliates abroad.  ";
var BITS = 50;
defArray[BITS] = "Bilateral investment treaties (BITs) are agreements between two countries for the reciprocal encouragement, promotion and protection of investments in each other’s territories by companies based in either country. Treaties typically cover the following areas: scope and definition of foreign investment; admission and establishment; national treatment in the post-establishment phase; most-favoured-nation treatment; fair and equitable treatment; guarantees and compensation in the event of expropriation; guarantees of free transfers of funds and repatriation of capitals and profits; and dispute settlement provisions, both state-state and investor-state. ";
var DITS = 51;
defArray[DITS] = "Double taxation treaties (DTTs) are agreements between two countries to relieve the double taxation that occurs when income or gains are taxable in both countries. The treaties are designed to avoid double taxation; prevent tax evasion; promote international trade; create certainty and tax stability; provide mechanisms for resolving international tax disputes; promote tax incentives to developing countries; allocate taxing rights between contracting states; and prevent tax discrimination.";
var TNC = 52;
defArray[TNC] = "A transnational corporation (TNC) is an enterprise that controls assets of other entities in economies other than its home economy, usually by owning a certain equity capital stake. An equity capital stake of 10% or more of the ordinary shares or voting power for an incorporated enterprise, or the equivalent for an unincorporated enterprise, is normally considered a threshold for the control of assets. ";
var TASS = 53;
defArray[TASS] = "Total assets may be tangible (having physical substance, such as land and buildings) or intangible (without physical substance, such as patents and rights granted by a government). The assets of a direct investment enterprise include all the assets on the enterprise’s balance sheet, regardless of how they are financed – whether by the direct investors or from other nonresident or resident sources. ";
var SALES = 54;
defArray[SALES] = "Sales consist of all goods and services invoiced by an enterprise during the reporting period. They also include all other charges passed on to the customer (for example, for transportation or packaging). Sales should be measured exclusive of consumption and sales taxes on consumers and value-added taxes. The figure used for sales should be that remaining after any price reductions, discounts and rebates, and credits for returned packaging. ";
var EMPL = 55;
defArray[EMPL] = "Employment should include full- and part-time employees on the payroll, but not contract and temporary employees. Ideally, figures for part-time employees should be reported on a full-time equivalent basis. ";
var FORAFF = 56;
defArray[FORAFF] = "A foreign affiliate or direct investment enterprise is an incorporated or unincorporated enterprise in which a foreign direct investor, resident in another economy, owns a stake that permits a lasting interest in the management of that enterprise (an equity stake of 10% for an incorporated enterprise or its equivalent for an unincorporated enterprise).";
var MERCEX = 57;
defArray[MERCEX] = "Merchandise exports are goods leaving the statistical territory of a country.";
var MERCIMP = 58;
defArray[MERCIMP] = "Merchandise imports are goods that add to a country’s stock of material resources by entering its statistical territory.";
var STTH = 59;
defArray[STTH] = "The statistical territory of a country coincides with its economic territory in the general trade system. In the special trade system, the statistical territory corresponds to the area within which goods circulate freely and comprises only a particular part of the economic territory. ";
var EXIMPSE = 60;
defArray[EXIMPSE] = "Exports and imports of services reflect, respectively, the value of services provided to residents of other countries by a country’s residents and those received by residents of the domestic territory. They are the values of credits and debits of international service transactions as presented in the International Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments Statistics. Services are defined as the economic output of intangible commodities that may be produced, transferred and consumed at the same time. ";
var TRBAL = 61;
defArray[TRBAL] = "The trade balance is the difference between exports and imports.";
var CIF = 62;
defArray[CIF] = "It is recommended that merchandise imports be reported c.i.f. The c.i.f. (cost, insurance and freight) price is the price of merchandise delivered at the frontier of the importing country, including any insurance and freight charges incurred up to that point. ";
var FOB = 63;
defArray[FOB] = "It is recommended that merchandise exports be reported f.o.b. The f.o.b. (free on board) price equals the c.i.f. price less transportation costs and insurance charges between the customs frontier of the exporting (importing) country and that of the importing (exporting) country. ";
var TRDEF = 64;
defArray[TRDEF] = "A trade deficit is a negative trade balance. The trade balance as a percentage of imports is calculated to indicate the relative magnitude of the trade balance. ";
var EXDIR = 65;
defArray[EXDIR] = "Data on exports directed towards countries may differ considerably from data on imports as reported by these countries of destination. The differences are accounted for by a variety of factors, of which the following may be particularly important: Most import data are reported on a c.i.f. rather than an f.o.b. basis. (For more information, refer to the Definitions in 4.2A.) Imports arrive at their destination and are registered with some time lag from the date they were recorded as exports. There may be considerable differences between the recorded destination of exports and the actual destination as shown in import statistics. Both exports and imports may be over- or underinvoiced for various reasons (for example, to avoid taxes or controls or facilitate capital flight). Despite efforts to allocate trade flows by destination and origin, a margin of unallocated trade flows remains.  ";
var INTTRDE = 66;
defArray[INTTRDE] = "Intra-trade is international trade among countries that belong to the same group (for example, a regional or trade grouping).";
var TRGRP = 67;
defArray[TRGRP] = "Depending on their level of economic integration, countries may participate concurrently in various trade groupings. Economic integration among countries ranges from strict trade integration to economic policy harmonization. The lowest degree of economic integration corresponds to a preferential trade arrangement. The highest degree of integration corresponds to a single market. In between are free trade agreements, customs unions and common markets.";
var PRIMCOM = 68;
defArray[PRIMCOM] = "Commodities are classified in accordance with the United Nations Standard International Trade Classification (SITC), as follows: Primary commodities: All food items: SITC 0, plus SITC 1, plus 22, plus SITC 4; Agriculture raw materials: SITC 2, less 22, less 27 – 28; Ores and metals: SITC 27, plus 28, plus 68; Fuels: SITC 3.";
var MANGO = 69;
defArray[MANGO] = "Manufactured goods: Chemicals and related products: SITC 5; Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material: SITC 6 less 68; Machinery and transport equipment: SITC 7; Miscellaneous manufactured articles: SITC 8. ";
var INDEX = 70;
defArray[INDEX] = "An index reflects changes over time in a quantity that cannot itself be directly measured or observed. Important features of index construction are the coverage, the base period, the weighting system and the method of averaging observations. ";
var VALIND = 71;
defArray[VALIND] = "Value index of exports or imports is the current value of exports (f.o.b.) or imports (c.i.f.) converted to dollars and expressed as a percentage of the average for the base period.";
var UVALIND = 72;
defArray[UVALIND] = "Unit value index of exports or imports is an indicator reflecting changes in the price levels of exports or imports during the reporting period in comparison with the base period.";
var VINDEX = 73;
defArray[VINDEX] = "Volume (quantum) index of exports or imports is the ratio of the value index of exports or imports to the corresponding unit value index and reflects changes in the volume of exports and imports. ";
var PPOE = 74;
defArray[PPOE] = "Purchasing power of exports is the value index of exports deflated by the unit value index of imports. ";
var TRMOTR = 75;
defArray[TRMOTR] = "Terms of trade, or “net barter” terms of trade, are defined as the ratio of the unit value index of exports to the unit value index of imports. ";
var SERVIC = 76;
defArray[SERVIC] = "Services, according to the International Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments Manual, are economic output of intangible commodities that may be produced, transferred and consumed at the same time. However, services cover a heterogeneous range of intangible products and activities that are difficult to capture within a single definition and are sometimes hard to separate from goods. Services are outputs produced to order, and they typically include changes in the condition of the consumers realized through the activities of the producers at the demand of customers. Ownership rights over services cannot be established. By the time production of a service is completed, it must have been provided to a consumer. Examples of services are wholesale, hotel, catering, transport, insurance, education, property rental, telecommunications, marketing, health, and cultural and recreational services.  ";
var INTTIS = 77;
defArray[INTTIS] = "International trade in services is conventionally seen as trade in services between residents and non-residents of an economy. Since services require an immediate relationship between suppliers and consumers and in many cases are non-transportable, either the customer must go to the supplier or vice versa (for example, to get a haircut). International trade agreements concerning services often include provisions for suppliers’ moving to the country of consumers. In such cases the traditional definition of “residents” and “non-residents” of an economy may not cover some important aspects of the international trade, such as services provided by foreign affiliates established abroad, many of which are considered “residents”. The Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services (2002) extends the scope of international trade in services to include foreign affiliates’ trade in services and trade resulting from movement of natural persons. It is not suggested that these extensions be regarded as exports or imports.";
var TRSERV = 78;
defArray[TRSERV] = "Transport services cover all transportation performed by residents of one economy for residents of another that involves the carriage of passengers or goods (freight), rentals of carriers with crew, or related services. Freight insurance, repairs of transport equipment or harbors or airfields, and rentals of charters without crew are not included.  ";
var TRAVSERV = 79;
defArray[TRAVSERV] = "Travel services include goods and services acquired from an economy by travellers during visits of less than one year. Transportation of passengers is excluded, as are goods purchased by travellers for resale in any economy. ";
var COMMSERV = 80;
defArray[COMMSERV] = "Communication services include postal and courier services and telecommunications services. The first group comprises transport and delivery of letters, other printed matter and packages, plus post office counter and mailbox rental services. Telecommunications services include transmissions of sound, images or other information by telephone, telex, telegram, facsimile, radio and television cables, e-mail, satellite and other means, including business networks and support services. The value of the information transmitted is not taken into account. ";
var CONSSERV = 81;
defArray[CONSSERV] = "Construction services cover work performed on construction projects and installation by employees of an enterprise in locations outside the economy to which the enterprise belongs. ";
var FINSERV = 82;
defArray[FINSERV] = "Financial services consist of financial intermediation and auxiliary services, except those involving life insurance and pension funds. These services are mainly related to banks, stock exchanges, factoring or credit card enterprises and similar companies. ";
var INSSERV = 83;
defArray[INSSERV] = "Insurance services involve different types of insurance provided by enterprises of one economy for residents of another or vice versa. They are valued according to the service charges included in premiums, rather than the total value of the premiums. ";
var TOURI = 84;
defArray[TOURI] = "Tourists in this context are non-resident tourists or international visitors, including all persons who arrive in an economy to stay for less than a year for business or personal reasons. Tourists are those who stay at least one night in collective or private accommodation in a country visited. ";
var TOUREX = 85;
defArray[TOUREX] = "Tourism expenditures correspond to the item “travel receipts” in the IMF balance-of-payments data. They refer to expenditures by non-resident tourists and visitors within the territory of a reporting economy. Transport expenditures are not included. ";
var TOURARR = 86;
defArray[TOURARR] = "Tourist arrivals represent the total number of nonresident tourists and visitors who arrived in a reporting economy during a given year. When the same person visits a country several times in a year, the total number of arrivals is counted. Similarly, when a person travels to several countries during one trip, his or her arrival in each country is recorded separately. Countries differ in how they count arrivals: some take into account all arrivals of non-resident visitors at national borders, while others count arrivals at hotels and other types of tourist accommodation. ";
var DWT = 87;
defArray[DWT] = "DWT (deadweight tons) is weight measure of a vessel's carrying capacity. It includes cargo, fuel and stores.";
var ORCNTRY = 88;
defArray[ORCNTRY] = "A ship owner who registers his or her vessel in an Open-registry country does not need to have any connection with the country of registry. The number of open-registry countries has varied over the years, but six (the Bahamas, Bermuda, Cyprus, Liberia, Malta and Panama) consistently appear in this group. ";
var FRRATE = 89;
defArray[FRRATE] = "Freight ratio represents freight costs as a percentage of a country's import bill.";
var TARFFS = 90;
defArray[TARFFS] = "Tariffs are the most common tool for regulating imports. They are used to protect domestic industries from foreign competition, to protect balances of payments, and to raise revenues. Tariff measures are applied when a product crosses the boundary of a customs area. These measures increase the import price by a fixed percentage or amount, which is calculated on the basis of the product's value (ad valorem tariffs) or physical quantity (specific tariffs). In addition to tariffs, non-tariff measures are often used to control imports. Typical non-tariff measures include quantity control measures such as licensing, quotas and prohibitions, as well as price control measures and health and safety measures. ";
var UWTAR = 91;
defArray[UWTAR] = "Unweighted tariffs are calculated by taking the simple average of the most-favoured-nation rates for each developed country using the 6-digit HS (Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System) representing non-agricultural, non-fuel products, and then aggregating across all corresponding 6-digit HS items and developed countries for which bilateral trade with each partner region has taken place. Non-agricultural and non-oil products have been selected to avoid difficulties in dealing with non-ad valorem (non-value-based) rates, which are often used for agricultural and petroleum products by many developed countries. ";
var WTAR = 92;
defArray[WTAR] = "Weighted tariffs are calculated from the simple average rate obtained at the HS 6-digit level (see the above definition of unweighted tariffs) and aggregating across products and countries using bilateral trade with trading partner regions as weights. ";
var URROUND = 93;
defArray[URROUND] = "The Uruguay Round is the largest trade negotiation ever held. It lasted from 1986 to 1994 and involved 123 countries. Agreements concluded during the Uruguay Round have led to significant liberalization of international trade. The process also created monitoring mechanisms, including the World Trade Organization.  ";
var NTAR = 94;
defArray[NTAR] = "Tariffs with low rates are often called nuisance tariffs because, even though they no longer serve their original purpose, importers are still obliged to go through the sometimes lengthy procedure of paying them. ";
var UWTAR2 = 95;
defArray[UWTAR2] = "Unweighted tariffs for the three most recent periods are calculated by taking the simple average of the mostfavoured- nation rates of developing countries at the 6-digit HS (Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System) and then aggregating across all HS 6-digit items. ";
var WTAR2 = 96;
defArray[WTAR2] = "Weighted tariffs are calculated from the simple average rate obtained at the HS 6-digit level (see the above definition of unweighted tariffs) and aggregating across products and countries using each country’s total imports from the world as weights. ";
var MFN = 97;
defArray[MFN] = "Most-favoured-nation (MFN) tariff rates are the “normal”, non-discriminatory rates charged on imports. The term “most favoured nation” comes from the GATT negotiations in which participants agreed to treat all members equally, without discrimination. Today the term is misleading: in practice, a country’s MFN rates are sometimes its highest tariff rates, since the country may apply lower rates to imports of certain products from selected countries. ";
var INDICT = 98;
defArray[INDICT] = "The Index of ICT Diffusion developed by UNCTAD is designed to evaluate ICT diffusion across countries. It measures the average achievements in a country along three dimensions: Connectivity, as measured by per-capita numbers of Internet hosts, personal computers, telephone mainlines and mobile subscribers. Access, as measured by the estimated number of Internet users, the adult literacy rate, the cost of a local call and GDP per capita. Policy, as measured by the presence of Internet exchanges, levels of competition in local-loop and domestic long-distance telecommunications, and the level of competition in the Internet service provider market. An index score is calculated for each of these indicators by applying the formula: value achieved / maximum reference value. Connectivity, Access and Policy indices are then calculated by averaging the index scores of their respective components. The Index of ICT Diffusion is an average of these three dimensions. ";
var DIGDIV = 99;
defArray[DIGDIV] = "The term digital divide refers to the gap between individuals, households, businesses, countries and geographic areas at different socio-economic levels with regard to both their opportunities to access information and communication technologies (ICTs) and to their use of the Internet for a wide variety of activities. ";
var EBIZ = 100;
defArray[EBIZ] = "E-business covers a range of business activities or processes carried out over computer-mediated networks. It can be intra-firm or extra-firm and can include customer acquisition and retention; e-commerce; finance, budget and account management; human resource management; product design and development; order fulfilment and tracking; logistics (inbound and outbound) and inventory control; and product service and support.  ";
var INTUSE = 101;
defArray[INTUSE] = "Internet users are the people in a particular country who have used the Internet at any point during a given year. An Internet host is a computer that is connected to the Internet at a given moment and has an Internet protocol (IP) address. Not all hosts are servers, and a server may host one, several or even hundreds of sites. ";
var ECOMM = 102;
defArray[ECOMM] = "E-commerce is the sale and purchase of goods and services over the Internet by businesses, households, individuals, governments and other public-private organizations. The goods and services are ordered over networks, but payment and final delivery of the good or service may occur offline or online. ";
var AGRCOM = 103;
defArray[AGRCOM] = "Agricultural commodities include food items and agricultural raw materials.";
var GRAINS = 104;
defArray[GRAINS] = "Grains incorporate: wheat, maize, barley, rye, oats, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, canary seed, cereals n.e.s., mixed grains, quinau.";
var SUGAR = 105;
defArray[SUGAR] = "Sugar covers: sugar, raw centrifugal production: sum of cane sugar and beet sugar processed further to obtain refined sugar.";
var METALS = 106;
defArray[METALS] = "Metals include minerals, ores and metals.";
var MKSH = 107;
defArray[MKSH] = "Market share, in this context, refers to the share of a particular country grouping (for example, developing countries) in total world production of a specific commodity.";
var COCOA = 108;
defArray[COCOA] = "According to the United Nations Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) Revision 2: Cocoa: Cocoa beans SITC 072.1, cocoa powder SITC 072.2, cocoa cake and paste SITC 072.31, cocoa butter SITC 072.32, chocolate and chocolate products SITC 073.";
var KOFI = 109;
defArray[KOFI] = "According to the United Nations Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) Revision 2: Coffee: Coffee beans SITC 071.1, Extract, essence or concentrate of coffee SITC 071.2.";
var FUEL = 110;
defArray[FUEL] = "Commodities are classified in accordance with the United Nations Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) Revision 2. Fuels:SITC section 3.";
var AGRCOM2 = 111;
defArray[AGRCOM2] = "Agricultural commodities: SITC sections 0, 1, 2 (less divisions 27 and 28 and groups 233, 244, 266 and 267) and 4.";
var M_M = 112;
defArray[M_M] = "Minerals and metals: SITC divisions 27, 28 and 68 and item 522.56.";
var MKSH2 = 113;
defArray[MKSH2] = "Market share here refers to the share of a particular group (for example, developing countries, LDCs) in total world commodity exports.";
var COMDEP = 114;
defArray[COMDEP] = "Commodity dependence is generally measured by the share of the three leading commodities in a given country’s total exports. The bigger the share, the more dependent the country is.";
var TARESC = 115;
defArray[TARESC] = "Tariff often rises significantly with the level of processing in many industrialized economies and high-income developing countries. Tariff escalation has the potential of reducing demand for processed imports from developing countries, hampering diversification into higher value-added exports. ";
var EBA = 116;
defArray[EBA] = "Under the Everything But Arms arrangement, least developed countries since 2000 have free access to the European Union market, with temporary exceptions for the following commodities: rice, sugar and bananas. ";
var TBSTH = 117;
defArray[TBSTH] = "The Prebisch-Singer thesis, proposed in 1950, suggests that, in the long-term, prices for primary commodity exports fall in relation to prices of manufactured imports. According to the hypothesis, this drop results from a number of factors, including divergence between the income elasticity of demand for primary products and the income elasticity of demand for manufactured products. Thus, the net barter terms of trade for commodity-producing developing countries are declining. ";
var PIIND = 118;
defArray[PIIND] = "The price instability index is the measure of price instability 1/n 
 [(|Y(t)–y(t)|)/y(t)] * 100, where Y(t) is the observed magnitude of the variable, y(t) is the magnitude estimated by fitting an exponential trend to the observed value, and n is the number of observations. Instability is measured as the percentage deviation of the variables concerned from their exponential trend levels for a given period.";
var KEYNES = 119;
defArray[KEYNES] = "In 1943, John Maynard Keynes proposed a world currency based on a price index of the 30 most-traded commodities. The idea was to link currencies to the index in order to automatically stabilize commodity prices.";
var CFF = 120;
defArray[CFF] = "In 1963, the International Monetary Fund began offering a Compensatory Financing Facility that later became the Compensatory and Contingency Financing Facility. In 1988 it introduced a Buffer Stock Financing Facility; this was discontinued in the early 2000s.";
var STAB = 121;
defArray[STAB] = "The first Lomé Convention in 1975 gave birth to the STABEX system, which was designed to alleviate the effect of non-structural problems such as fluctuation in world commodity prices and unforeseen events such as natural disasters. STABEX was discontinued in 2000 with the signature of the Cotonou Agreement, and was replaced by the more narrowly focused Flex programme. ";
var IPFC = 122;
defArray[IPFC] = "The Integrated Programme for Commodities set up an approach for an international policy framework that included the negotiation of a series of price-stabilizing agreements for commodities with very a unstable prices. ";
var INDACT = 123;
defArray[INDACT] = "The classification of industrial activities follows the United Nations International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) revision 2. There the definition of manufactures also includes a number of processed primary commodities, such as food products and beverages, tobacco, petroleum products, non-metallic mineral products and basic metals, and thus is broader than for trade statistics, which are based on the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). ";
var MVAD = 124;
defArray[MVAD] = "Manufacturing value added is the sum of gross output less the value of intermediate inputs used in production.";
var SWMVA = 125;
defArray[SWMVA] = "Different regions’ share in world manufacturing value added can be measured in terms of current prices or constant prices referenced to a selected base year. Because of variations in official exchange rates, the world distribution, particularly the share of countries in Central and Eastern Europe, may change considerably depending on the base year used. ";
var MANF = 126;
defArray[MANF] = "Manufactures are classified in accordance with the United Nations Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 2:  Chemicals and related products: SITC 5 ; Machinery and transport equipment less electronics: SITC 7 less 75 –77 ; Electronics: SITC 75 –77 ; Other manufactured goods: SITC 6 less 68, plus SITC 8.";
var ELEC = 127;
defArray[ELEC] = "Electronics include office machines and automatic data processing equipment, telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment, and electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances such as semi-conductors – in short, goods that have been closely associated with the revolution in information technology. ";
var MDYM = 128;
defArray[MDYM] = "Market-dynamic manufacturesare defined with respect to their global demand potential (export value growth). The most dynamic three categories of manufactures are electronic and electrical goods (SITC 75, 76 and 77), textiles and labour-intensive products, particularly clothing (SITC 61, 65, 84), and finished products from industries that require high research and development spending (SITC 5 and 87).";
var SDYM = 129;
defArray[SDYM] = "Supply-dynamic manufactures are defined with respect to their productivity potential. This definition results in four categories of manufactures based on factor intensity: labour- and resource-intensive manufactures; low-skill-intensive and low-technology-intensive manufactures; medium-skill-intensive and medium-technology- intensive manufactures; and high-skillintensive and high-technology-intensive manufactures. ";
var TECHIN = 130;
defArray[TECHIN] = "Although the technology intensityof a product does not necessarily indicate the productivity growth potential of the sector producing it, the relationship is close enough to focus the analysis on product categories based on their technology intensity. This analysis of the market dynamism of products is concerned with export earnings rather than export volumes, since for most products separate volume and price data are not available. However, readily available evidence suggests that product rankings would remain largely unchanged if the growth rates of products in world exports could be calculated on the basis of constant rather than current prices. ";
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